9) George Melies

George Melies experimented with double exposure, this was early editing that allowed him to hide parts and make them appear in other places by going back over it again later to get things that were not on the first exposure, for example he could create two of him on the same slide.

8) Hand cranked movie cameras

These hand cranked movie cameras were helpful as they could be used as both a camera and a projector. When the film used to capture the images was finished then the film could be developed into something that could be used for the projector. These projectors no longer needed slides but used film running behind the lens and in front of the light.

6) Photography 1840

The exposure time for photographs in the 1840’s was a long time, so people had to sit (or stand) still for ages in most cases a head brace was required to keep the person’s head still while the camera was exposing the image.

7) Muybridge

In 1875 Muybridge created, what would later be cinema, by taking a series of shots in a sequence of a moving figure. This made the figure look like it was moving when put in a strip and rolled through in front of a projector. Most of the movement photographed by Muybridge was of animals.

5) Phenakistoscope

The phenakistoscope was a disk that had images around the outside equally spaced from one another, with slits between the images. The person using the phenakistoscope would look into a mirror and see the animation.

4) Zoetrope

The zoetrope was shaped like a drum that you looked into from the side, a sequence of images that would appear to be moving when the drum spun around.